Roadmap Test Exec Summary - Large Text

Executive Summary

In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that efforts to electrify the U.S. ground transportation sector cannot be limited in scope to the American automotive industry, or even the transportation sector itself.

Transportation electrification sits at the nexus of the global energy transition, a worldwide reorientation of industrial policy, the emergence of connected and autonomous transportation technologies, and the incorporation of critical mineral supply chains into national security priorities as tensions rise between China and the West. 

Recognizing this, the world’s leading economies are actively engaged in an all-out race to pioneer affordable, high-performance EVs, master the production and application of related technologies, and secure the economic and national security advantages that leadership in the global automotive industry will bring. Through a combination of policy and technological advancements, the global EV market is moving at a breakneck speed; current projections put the automotive industry on a pace to electrify all new vehicles by xxxx, with the value of the industry projected to exceed a staggering xxxxXXXX by xxxx.  

Image 2: Fleet of Chinese vehicles being shipped out of a port

The United States is currently playing from behind with a less-developed EV market than its European and Asian rivals, but generational investments in domestic clean energy, battery production, and automotive manufacturing from the IIJA and IRA, combined with significant commitments from the private sector and bold leadership by cities and states, have kept the U.S. in the racehopes alive. To complete the comeback and establish the United States as a leader in this new energy economy, the nation must maintain and reinforce the cohesive set of electrification policies and actions actively that are creating American jobs, revitalizing the domestic manufacturing sector, and allowing U.S. automakers to compete on the global stage. 

As the industry has begun to move past the early adopter phase and into the era of mass adoption, the challenges facing the electrification transition have come into clearer focus. This Roadmap outlines seven key areas of focus for policymakers interested in electrification AS OUTLINED BELOW.

KEY AREAS OF FOCUS FOR THIS ROADMAP

Electrifying the transportation sector quickly enough to remain globally competitive and realize the public health and national security benefits of electrification will require deploying hundreds of millions of EVs in a few short decades. The rate at which the national vehicle stock can be replaced is relatively set; from 2020–2024, 58 million new vehicles were registered, and 53 million were scrapped, raising the average age of on-road cars to 14 years (11.9 years for light trucks).2 Heavy-duty vehicles like commercial trucks tend to remain in operation even longer, having hit an average of 14.2 years in 2021.3 Given the longevity of modern vehicles, approximately half of those sold today will still be on the roads consuming fuel in 2040, so the speed at which the country can electrify the majority of new vehicle salesreach 100 percent of new vehicle sales being electric will determine the risks of oil dependence decades into the future. Doing so Reaching that threshold is impossible without the introduction of light- medium- and heavy-duty EV models capable of meeting the price and performance needs of all drivers—from those who use their vehicles for the occasional grocery run to long-distance truckers logging more than 500 miles per day.

While the private sector is ultimately responsible for providing consumers with attractive electric models, policymakers must uphold the regulatory and market incentives currently stimulating both the supply and demand sides of the U.S. market, including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs ActIIJA’s transportation and manufacturing grant programs and the Inflation Reduction Act’IRA’s clean vehicle and alternative fuel infrastructure tax credits. Public sector efforts to maintain electrification’s momentum should focus on defending and identifying opportunities to refine and maximize the impact of existing tax credits and grant programs, creating new incentives where and when effective opportunities are identified (such as a state sales tax exemption for used vehicle sales below $25,000), codifying the ability for automakers to sell vehicles directly to their customers, replacing gas taxes with a fuel-agnostic mileage-based alternative, and rapidly phasing out subsidies for fossil fuels. 
Facilitating the smooth operation of hundreds of millions of on-road EVs will require a charging infrastructure network that is far larger, more reliable, and easier to use than currently exists. By the end of the transition, the private sector will have deployed the majority of the nation’s chargers, but the swift and effective deployment of the combined $7.5 billion of federal Charging and Fueling Infrastructure (CFI) and National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) funding is essential to install a backbone of charging infrastructure across the nation—setting the standard for the charging infrastructure driver experience. As proven by the nation’s great investments in the National Highway System under Presidents Roosevelt and Eisenhower, ambitious public investment in infrastructure that enables mobility and commerce pays dividends; a 2019 analysis by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that “removing the interstate highway system would reduce real GDP by $619.1 billion (3.9 percent)” and research from the Federal Highway AdministrationFHWA has found that "From 1950 to 1989, approximately one-quarter of the nation's productivity increase is attributable to increased investment in the highway system."4 In 1950, these roads would have been rendered largely useless without gas stations; in 2050, the same will be true of charging stations.

Policymakers can also accelerate and streamline the private sector’s deployment of charging infrastructure while improving the driver experience by implementing standards for charging infrastructure signage, payment procedures, weatherization, data reporting, maintenance requirements, and communication protocols. State and local governments have an opportunity to accelerate deployment further, significantly reducing installation costs by requiring new construction and major renovations within their jurisdictions to prepare for future EV charging infrastructure needs—eliminating the need for costly and time-consuming retrofits down the road. 
An electrified transportation sector heightens the importance of maintaining a reliable electric grid. Policy intervention is needed to mitigate steadily growing cyber and physical grid security threats and incorporate the additional load expected from the growth of AI data centers, electrification, and the return of domestic manufacturing. Policymakers must assess and mitigate threats to grid security, reform sluggish permitting processes preventing the introduction of new generation capacity, and institute reliability standards for grid infrastructure.  
Electrifying the transportation sector without developing the domestic/allied supply chains necessary to source the requisite materials would leave the United States dangerously exposed to the whims of its geopolitical adversaries—a fact that U.S. policymakers are only just beginning to understand and incorporate into their decision-making. Mitigating this threat and capitalizing on the potential of the emerging critical minerals economy necessitates immediate increases in funding for responsible domestic mineral resource exploration, aggressive pursuit of partnerships with allied nations, a precisely calculated set of international trade policies, widespread domestic permitting reform, and ambitious incentives to encourage domestic mineral mining and processing and battery manufacturing and recycling. By establishing a transparent and sustainable supply chain capable of competing with China’s, the United States will also raise the global bar for responsible critical mineral sourcing and processing, reigning in many of the industry’s most exploitative practices taking place overseas.  
Rapidly electrifying the nation’s MHD fleet is essential; although medium- and heavy-duty vehicles make up less than one in ten vehicles on the road, they consume approximately one-quarter of the transportation sector’s total fuel, create nearly one-third of its total GHG emissions, and emit approximately half of its particulate matter pollution.5 Electrifying the sector is difficult because in addition to all of the same challenges as its light-duty equivalent, the MHD sector faces a host of novel challenges related to its disparate use cases, relatively low production quantities, and large investment costs. There is no substitute for the roles that time and technological advancement will play in reducing costs and increasing the viability of MHDEVs, however, policymakers can meaningfully reduce investment costs for fleet owners and operators and accelerate the market’s development by recalibrating the federal on-road weight limit and the federal excise tax for electric trucks and by continuing to support existing MHDEV grant programs and tax credits.    
Such a rapid transition between transportation technologies will inevitably results in confusion, hesitation, and public distrust—EVs are no exception from the public. As EVs become more common, knowledge of their operation will eventually permeate the public’s consciousness. However, action , given the prevalence of misinformation about EVs, without intervention, this knowledge gap is likely to impede adoption, causing those who would benefit from electrifying to decide against it. Action to provide clear and reliable sources of information about EVs and help consumers assist those navigateing the complex array of available grant and incentive programs could accelerate the learning process, boosting adoption rates and connecting people to the right vehicle for their needs.   
As is the case with all emerging technologies of a certain scale, the rapid expansion of EV and battery production, mineral mining and processing, and electrical work related to EV charging infrastructure are resulting in a growing gap between the number of jobs being created and the number of workers qualified to do them. To address this challenge and capitalize on the well-paying job opportunities, state and local governments should work with local high schools, colleges, universities, utilities, charging infrastructure providers, mineral mining and processing companies, and other stakeholders to create workforce development programs in EV-related fields.

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Zril virtute ex usu, ex omnes consequuntur nec. Ex vix falli nonumy maiestatis, utamur ocurreret eos te. Te ullum aliquid sed. Per tollit viderer salutandi cu, eum tantas evertitur eu.

Tantas principes definitionem vel an, duis impedit nusquam id duo. Viris commodo consetetur in nam. Usu cu error singulis. Has clita recusabo no, id mel affert tritani concludaturque, sea ea liber petentium.

Sit ex recteque constituam, facete corrumpit omittantur et pri, vix apeirian insolens expetenda in. Accusata iracundia consequat sea ex, an pro eloquentiam concludaturque. Quis maluisset salutatus mel ei. Modo expetendis mei eu, ex splendide conceptam adipiscing duo. Ne nam dictas apeirian interesset, sit autem impetus facilisi id. In molestie sensibus his, sed vocibus fastidii intellegat ei, ius ut munere assueverit.

Veri libris appetere vel cu, mel modus choro utroque in, clita ceteros eu quo. Est elit apeirian an, an nam vero alterum evertitur. Ex usu viris reformidans neglegentur. Docendi facilisis in nam.

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Zril virtute ex usu, ex omnes consequuntur nec. Ex vix falli nonumy maiestatis, utamur ocurreret eos te. Te ullum aliquid sed. Per tollit viderer salutandi cu, eum tantas evertitur eu.

Tantas principes definitionem vel an, duis impedit nusquam id duo. Viris commodo consetetur in nam. Usu cu error singulis. Has clita recusabo no, id mel affert tritani concludaturque, sea ea liber petentium.

Sit ex recteque constituam, facete corrumpit omittantur et pri, vix apeirian insolens expetenda in. Accusata iracundia consequat sea ex, an pro eloquentiam concludaturque. Quis maluisset salutatus mel ei. Modo expetendis mei eu, ex splendide conceptam adipiscing duo. Ne nam dictas apeirian interesset, sit autem impetus facilisi id. In molestie sensibus his, sed vocibus fastidii intellegat ei, ius ut munere assueverit.

Veri libris appetere vel cu, mel modus choro utroque in, clita ceteros eu quo. Est elit apeirian an, an nam vero alterum evertitur. Ex usu viris reformidans neglegentur. Docendi facilisis in nam.

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Veri libris appetere vel cu, mel modus choro utroque in, clita ceteros eu quo. Est elit apeirian an, an nam vero alterum evertitur. Ex usu viris reformidans neglegentur. Docendi facilisis in nam.

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